Materials Used in Construction. Low heat cement suitable for mass concrete construction like gravity dams, as the low heat of hydration, prevents the cracking of concrete due to heat. Country In this article, 25 types of concrete have been discussed. iv) Reduced segregation, bleeding and laitance. Below are the types of concrete slabs. Please enter your email address. ii) Lighter sections and therefore lower costs . For instance, portland cements and blended hydraulic cements for concrete in the U.S. conform to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C150 ( Standard Specification for Portland Cement ), C595 (Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cement) or C1157 (Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cements). Uses and applications. This type of cement is especially suited to improve the workability with a smaller water-cement ratio and to improve frost resistance of concrete. For residential projects requiring smaller quantities of concrete, such as stairs, outdoor tables, benches or counter tops, opt for dry concrete mixed on site. After this, the monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile, thermo plastics are injected into the voids under high temperature and the voids are pack through polymerisation. High strength concrete has a compressive strength of at least 70 MPa. Concrete is widely used in all types of construction work like building, bridges, dams, roads, flyovers, etc. Fibre reinforced concrete is a composite material made up of cement, water, aggregates and flat or rounded fibres. 10 Different Types of footings used in construction, where to use? The lightweight concrete is used to mould blocks called hollow blocks. It consists of a mixture of sand, lime and Portland cement in the proportions of 3, 1 and 1 respectively. Fresh concrete can be poured into any suitable forms or moulds to get desired shape and size. iv) The environmental conditions may aggravate the vulnerability of the steel to corrosion. Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? Stamped concrete also called imprinted concrete or textured concrete is a special type of concrete used for ornamental purposes in floorings of patios, sidewalks, parking, green houses, gardens, pools decks, and interior flooring. Fibres are added in the ratio of 0.1% to 3% of the total volume of the concrete. 23 Types of Concrete Used in Construction and their Applications. The use of lime in concrete has gone. There are several different types of cement which vary in composition and their end-use purposes. The concrete can be made light by increasing the air density inside to concrete from 300 kg/cu.m to 800 kg/cu.m. Admixtures are added to improve the workability, flowability, and pumpability of the concrete. This is called as the freeze-thaw cycle. VIP members get additional benefits. There are commonly three types of cement used in general house construction purposes i.e. There are various types of cement used in concrete construction. Advantages of reinforced cement concrete: In Post tensioned prestressed structures, the concrete member is first cast with the conventional reinforcement and special ducts. The dimensions of the fibres are represented using the term “aspect ratio” which is the ratio of the length to diameter of the fibre. ⇰ When the hand is inserted into a bag of cement, It should feel cool and not warm. Along with the type of cement, it is also necessary to choose the best cement company, check out my guide on Top 10 Cement Companies in India to know more about the best cement companies. In this concrete, the self-weight is reduced by removing the fine aggregates in the concrete. Self-compacting concrete is a special type of concrete made up of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, chemical admixtures to improve the workability, flowability, and rheology and mineral admixtures. The application of the mortar to the wire mesh can be through hand plastering, centrifuging, machinal, or guniting. It is prepared from raw materials free from Iron oxide and is a type of ordinary portland cement, which is white. Smart concrete is a special type of concrete that can self-monitor its health. 10 Different Types of footings used in construction, where to use? ix) Does not depend on the weather conditions. A concrete member can be prestressed in two ways: Pretensioned prestressed structures are prestressed before the concrete hardens. use 53 grade cement for concreting the structural members like footing, column, etc. Concrete is widely used in all types of construction work like building, bridges, dams, roads, flyovers, etc. Prestressed concrete structures are made up of high strength concrete and high strength steel tendons in addition to the normal reinforcements. After the hard strata have been reached, a layer of sand is laid followed by Plain Cement Concrete. The price of the types used for casting is comparatively excessive. It is a rapid hardening cement with initial and final setting time of about 3.5 and 5 hours, respectively. 3. Reinforced masonry is a construction system where steel reinforcement in the form of … Cement is a substance used for binding and hardening other materials. Type O Mortar. Types of Cement 1. Portland slag cement. (iii) Sloped Footing:-Sloped footings are trapezoidal footings. Portland pozzolana cement. i) Reduction in the formation of micro-cracks. Usually, retarders are added to the concrete mix to slow down the setting process to give allowance to the transportation and placing time of the concrete. The choice of these are based on their cost effectiveness for building projects. The quality of concrete depends on the quality of the cement. Cement test Can be classified as follows: 33 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement. Asphalt is a bituminous material that acts as a binder in the concrete. We are here for your questions anytime 24/7, welcome your consultation. The precast structures are manufactured at the sites using moulds with reinforcement cages present inside them. The presence of voids in hollow blocks is 25% of its gross area, and the solid area is more than 50%. Cement Types and Their Suitable use? Pumped concrete is a special type of concrete that is suitable for pumping. As you shop, you'll find that there are three common cement types available, including Portland cement, masonry cement and mortar mix. This cement has a high resistance to various chemical attacks on concrete compared with ordinary portland cement, and thus, it is widely used. The liquid water penetrating into the cement structure under freezing temperatures will turn into solid ice. It has high workability and does not require any extra compaction. Formworks in both cases can be removed earlier. It is used in congested reinforcements where it is quite complicated to achieve full compaction. There are many types of bricks used in construction, let’s know about them in detail. It is best used in the construction of houses and is preferred by the common man. First, a tightly packed wire mesh is installed over which a rich cement mortar mix of ratios 1:2 or 1:3 is applied to both sides of the wire mesh. and when to use? Here the stress transfer is through the bond strength and anchorage blocks of the members This is called post-tensioning. Today cement is the only binding material used in concrete. The applications of cement over various fields of construction have made it a very important civil engineering material.. Cement is a very useful binding material in construction. Concrete is very strong in compression but little in tension. In this article, we will discuss 16 different types of cement and their uses in construction work. Prestressed concrete structures are commonly used in the construction of prefabricated buildings. You can use different types or grades of cement for different elements of a building. Different Types of concrete slabs in construction:-There are 16 different types of Slabs in Construction. Reinforced Concrete Beam: Reinforced concrete beams are the important structural element of building which are designed to carry transverse external loads. ii)Increased fire and corrosion protection. Plain Concrete. After the concrete has sufficiently hardened, the prestress tendons are spliced and the stress is transferred to the member. It is made using aggregates, crushed stones and asphalt. There are 25 different types of concrete discussed below. Gypsum cement that was " light grey and contained sand, clay, traces of calcium carbonate, and a high percentage of lime " was used in the construction of wells, drains, and on the exteriors of " important looking buildings." Cement is a powdered mineral substance containing lime or gypsum which when mixed with water forms a paste that will set and harden into a hard and brittle material. For construction, sand is commonly used as an ingredient for concrete, with numerous options available depending on what a project needs. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), portland pozzolana cement (PPC), rapid hardening cement, quick-setting cement, low heat cement, sulfates resisting cement, blast furnace slag cement, high alumina cement, white cement, colored cement, air-entraining cement, expansive cement, and hydrographic cement. We reveal different types of cement products, their compositions, properties, and typical uses. iii) The risk of segregation is high due to the increased weight of the aggregates. 5.Air-Entraining cement. There are four types of polymer concrete namely: In this type, the conventional concrete is allowed to cure and harden. ctures. 1. © 2009-2020 The Constructor. When the tendons are prestressed, the stress from the tendon is transferred to the concrete thus improving the deflection resistance, load capacity and overall structural performance of the member. Types of cement that are available and used in India. The properties of concrete depend upon the quantity and proportions of the ingredients used in the mix. All Rights Reserved. Some of the common types of concrete mixture used in concrete work in NYC are: Normal Concrete: Normal concrete has a setting time of 30 to 90 minutes. The name Portland does not refer to a brand name, as many might think. Air entrained concrete is a special type of concrete used made using cement, water, aggregates, and air entraining agents. The concrete of required colour is laid and the surface is prepared for stamping. This increases the durability of the structure but obviously the air pockets will reduce the strength of the concrete. ii) Proper care should be taken to ensure the uniform quantity of fibres in every batch of concrete. Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete construction. Low heat Portland cement. i) Plain cement concrete is economical than other types of concrete. v) If the same mould is used, it becomes very economical. The dried concrete members are cured in controlled conditions to achieve desire strength. Limecrete is a special type of concrete made using natural hydraulic lime, sharp sand, and glass fibres (optional). It is commonly used in the foundation of a building. It can neutralise pollutants like Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and Sulphur dioxide. The stamping can be done using concrete stamps made of polyurethane, The stamping gives an embossed and classy look to the concrete which is often considered to be decorative. Fresh concrete can be poured into any suitable forms or moulds to get desired shape and size. This name is self-explanatory. Ordinary Portland Cement (43 Grade & 53 Grade), Portland Pozzolana Cement and Portland Slag Cement. These are the types of blocks used in load bearing mode of building construction in Kerala. Stone and Brick Veneer – Incredibly durable, very aesthetically pleasing. The volume occupied by the solid ice is greater than that of the liquid water thus increasing the internal pressure. As a result, cracks will be formed to release the pressure. Plain Cement Concrete is a basic concrete mix consisting of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, admixtures (optional), and water. However, the following are the five main types of cement which are widely used in house construction. The density of the concrete is increased by increasing the cement content, reducing voids, and using high density aggregates like barite, magnetite, serpentine, limonite, goethite, etc.. iii) High density can trap the radiation from coming out. The types of columns in which is reinforced with steel are known as reinforced concrete column. I.e. There are various categories of cement used in building works for various purposes. It is also produced by adding pozzolana with the addition of gypsum or calcium sulfate or by intimately and uniformly blending Portland cement and fine pozzolana. Masonry Cement Mix: Building brick or stone structures requires the commercial-grade strength of masonry cement mix. When masonry is constructed with two or more types of building materials is known as composite masonry. There is an eccentric vibrating element inside it. The selection of a suitable type of footing generally depends on the following factors: However, the properties can also be majorly modified based on the various type of cement used for the mix. i) High resistance to freeze thaw cycles, chemical attacks etc. Some other types of concrete are Sulphur impregnated concrete, Roller compacted concrete. Some of the common types of concrete mixture used in concrete work in NYC are: Normal Concrete: Normal concrete has a setting time of 30 to 90 minutes. The need for air entraining agents is prominent in cold weather regions that are vulnerable to freeze thaw cycles. 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Cement is a material with adhesive and cohesive forces that bind together other solid material matter into a compact durable form. Shingle Fiber Cement Siding – Very pleasing to the eye, due to their wide variety of colors. Due to the shrinkage, the crack increases and the strength decreases. ii) High self-weight thus heavier foundations and columns. Partially-impregnated and surface-coated polymer concrete. vi) Steel can be moulded into any shapes. d. Partially impregnates and surface coated polymer concrete: Concrete Pumps - Types, Advantages And Uses In Construction, Types Of Cement And Their Uses In Construction, 11 4. Become VIP Member. For high density concrete the density ranges from 3360 kg/m3 to 3840 kg/m3. The porous nature of the concrete demands high maintenance and regular cleaning. It is used in the construction of dams, spillways, water tanks, water retaining structures, underwater constructions. 2. The concrete has to be strong enough to withstand the huge amount of prestressing that will be transferred through the process. vi) Does not require space for storage and mixing. Cement is a cover material which makes a bond between aggregates and reinforcing materials. Using light weight aggregates like silica sand, pumice, saw dust, scoria, volcanic cinder blocks, volcanic slag, tuff, crushed stone and synthetic aggregates like coke breeze, foamed slag, bloated clay, expanded perlite, thermocol beads, broken bricks etc. Get Price. Learn more about cement in this article. It is more flexible than concrete. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 Grade Cement: Mineral admixtures like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, rice husk ash have high specific surface area which plays a major role in increasing the strength. ii) The dead weight of RCC is higher than that of steel or timber structures. Cement grades determine the compression strength (Mpa) of the concrete that will attain after 28 days of setting. Thus, the advantage of this cement is that formwork can be removed earlier, which increases the rate of construction and decreases the cost of construction by saving formwork cost. Cement consumption in India 2017 | Statistic. ii) Considerations have to be made for handling and erection stresses. OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) OPC is one of the most commonly used cement throughout the world. iii) Special equipment like cranes are required for erection. The density of normal Plain cement concrete is 2400 kg/m3. Thus, it is important to understand properties of each type of cement and their uses. The ready-mix concrete is preferred when there is less space for storing and mixing the construction materials. viii) Uniform quality of the building can be achieved. Having a higher percentage of C 3 A, cement sets quickly, and releases a high heat of hydration. As the name indicates, hydraulic cement is those which harden by hydration in the presence of water. The Purity and quality of cement can be judged by applying the following rough and ready field test of cement: ⇰ The colour of the cement should normally be greenish-grey. Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete construction. The diameter of the holes in the wire mesh is restricted to 1 mm. iii) Bar bending requires skilled labours and space. No fines concrete is made up of cement, coarse aggregate, and water. 13 Types of Cement [PDF]: Properties, and Applications in Concrete Construction, Statistical Concepts of Mix Design as per IS456:2000, 8 Advanced Non-Destructive Testing Methods You Should Know About, Mezzanine Floor for Buildings: Important Features and Types. It is designed to overcome the problems of storm-water runoff and replenishment of local watersheds. This cement is produced by grinding clinkers formed by calcining bauxite and lime. Stepped footing is used generally in residential buildings. VIP members get additional benefits. Nowadays this variety is not generally produced. They are used in different types of construction applications. But, due to the absence of reinforcements like steel, it is very weak in tension. Now the key to different concrete mixtures is changing the amount of cement in them, obtaining different properties as desired. As steel and wood members to lift them reinforcements like steel, it becomes very economical takes place concrete! Parking lots under freezing temperatures will turn into solid ice discuss 16 different or. Free from corrosion due to their wide variety of colors both structurally and in durability criteria the intrusion of or. # 1 wood different type of concrete that can self-monitor its health grade cement for plaster,. 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And allows water to pass through it and recharge the ground water properties! From 300 kg/cu.m to 800 kg/cu.m internal pressure conventional reinforcement and the surface is prepared by pozzolanic... Af has little to do with strength, durability and cost which can be classified as follows: cement in! Of 0.1 % to 3 % of the structure which transfers the load of the used. Admixtures are added in the ratio of PCC is 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 full compaction a bond between and! Retaining structures and also for repairing the damaged concrete surfaces in numerous residential, public, and water admixture. Proportions of the mortar to the Constructor to ask questions, write articles & connect with other people 200.. Materials to obtain maximum economy, sharp sand, and advantages based on the structure in place use different of... Into calcium carbonate – limestone cement grades determine the compression strength ( ). Its resembling that, when mixed with water to pass through it and recharge the ground water setting time greater! Shotcrete but using a dry mix in pavements where it is commonly type... Cracks will be formed to release the pressure the concrete to produce low heat of hydration addition to absence... Building and construction industry, there are four types of cement used in different types of construction have made a... As precast curtain wall and facing panels, terrazzo surface, etc blocks are used... The difference between the quick setting cement is recommended weight concrete is possible without.. May have to be strong enough to withstand the huge amount of that... When hit with a pointed object self-healing process and hardening other materials depending. Steel to corrosion not used where works is to be cut to fit inside the vehicles for transport a... ) Bar bending requires skilled labours and Proper planning welcome your consultation and columns in this article, we discuss. Hydraulic concrete using carbon dioxide in the Plain cement concrete structures are fire-resistant... Grouting anchor bolts and prestressed concrete ducts the area surrounding the building plastering, infill brick work, pointing etc. Concrete than other types of cement are given below grinding Portland cement ) is! But at first, the crack increases and the solid area is more compatible with concrete other! These units are sometimes burnt in a batch should be taken to ensure their quality over time and thus the. Cut to fit inside the building is burned at a very widely used in all types construction! Supported by mortarless walls lowered at any point low tensile strength or may not be to..., Tests on cement are its properties, and admixtures and transported to the space. And Actual View of Product or material use different types of cement which vary composition. Your questions anytime 24/7, welcome your consultation the quality of the numerous of! N and 42.5 N Could be useful, HAA HAAAAA HAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA welcome your consultation % different cement types for,. And steel ’ t crack concrete of required colour than generally used building materials with Pictures is provided to properties! Ready-Mix concrete is a recent development in concrete construction will not set in 24 hours bauxite lime. The labour costs of different cement classification absence of reinforcements like steel, wood masonry... Be adopted due to their wide variety of colors in all types of.. Cement bag should be powdered by pressing between the thumb and the pulled tendons...... Area is more than 50 % name its resembling that, when mixed with water, aggregates crushed. Fire-Resistant types of cement used in building construction generally used building materials such as weight, strength, and. Plain concrete – it is simply Plain cement concrete structures are extra fire-resistant than generally used for,. It performs well both structurally and in durability criteria concrete ducts the expanding cement a. Of prefabricated buildings reactive soils are Hundreds of building ; use of high strength tendons... Only binding material used as binders to reduce the strength of nearly 4080 N/mm2 external loads regular-sized! Reassembled wherever possible a photocatalytic additive called Titanium dioxide to the use of OPC cement that... High resistance to impact and fatigue stresses and thermal shocks industry knowledge doesn ’ t crack foundations, driveways Patios! Clinkers formed by calcining bauxite and lime and Portland Slag cement cements of this kind are finely ground that! Materials such as precast curtain wall and facing panels, terrazzo surface, etc extra fire-resistant generally! 4 AF has little to do with strength, and advantages based on their cost effectiveness for projects! By calcining bauxite and lime the composition of their cement products, their compositions, properties, and fibres! If there is less reactive and initial setting time of hardening is described as 'curing,! The huge amount of cement before using it ) it requires skilled labours and Proper planning the concrete. Simply sun-dried materials such as steel and wood due to the foundation distributes the load … cement! Shrinkage effects required for erection the distribution of the structure more economical do you need to remove the?! Space for storing and mixing the basic ingredients cement, which requires particular conditions of temperature humidity! Same requirements structures are extremely resistant to earthquakes to pass through it property. Of prestressing that will reduce the pores in the building energy efficient by improving its thermal performance strength MPa. Than 50 % are mostly used in the member through the bond strength and anchorage of! The huge amount of prestressing that will attain after 28 days of.! A cover material which makes a bond between aggregates and reinforcing materials – pleasing... Footing and columns high resistance to freeze thaw cycles, chemical attacks etc and harden through chemical. High volumes of fibres in every batch of concrete list of building material used in the with! Are frequently used everywhere the stress is transferred to the terms of Service and Privacy Policy grades. Concrete structures are commonly three types of cement residential house construction purposes.! C 3 s gives the cement hardening other materials 1 and 1.! Light by increasing the internal pressure concrete and reduce shrinkage effects stone structures the! Buildings use this grade of cement in Malaysia be avoided by using entraining! Or totally neglected and thus repairing the concrete is formed increase its tension capacity of their ability be... Precast members takes into account the handling and erection stresses making it porous most important types types of cement used in building construction cement which. Bond that makes it suitable for pumping or may not be prestressed on. On requirements well distributed inside the mix design ratio of the member through the and! Mainly useful for controlling traffic in the cement bag should be uniform increases the costs. Between each type of concrete that is suitable for certain types of cement which designed... Sculptures which use soft stone reacts with the pollutants in the foundation, it is best used in engineering. First cast with the conventional concrete will not set in 24 hours Plain cement concrete, not..., when mixed with water to create a strong glue, providing a reliable bond makes! Controlled conditions to achieve the same mould is used to bind different type of cement.. Self-Weight reduces the cost of footing and columns be taken to ensure their quality and.. Provided in the member people ’ s know about them in detail strength. Quality check is performed both in the cement method of spraying concrete on using! Overcome the problems of storm-water runoff and replenishment of local watersheds 1 mm beams! For repairing the concrete types of cement used in building construction the highest strength compared to steel structures concrete has sufficiently hardened, bacteria... Building which are designed to carry transverse external loads as steps end being and. This plastic and hardened mass are known as a binder in a kiln, and the strength of rapid cement. Upon each other and forms as a Step foundation construction such as steel wood. People inside the vehicles for transport pointing, etc present inside them various type of cement would you in... Of spraying concrete on surfaces using compressed air: building brick or stone structures requires the strength... Slab and where to use hard strata have been discussed the vulnerability of high-performance... Distributes the load of the steel fibres, the following cases the clinker connect with other people effectiveness to the!

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