Ans. Assembly language consists of mnemonics for machine opcodes so assemblers perform a 1:1 translation from mnemonics to a direct instruction. Disadvantages. (a) High level languages are providers of a better user interface to interact with. An OS written in a high-level language (as opposed to a low-level language, such as assembly language) will require far less code, be easier to create and maintain, and will find a larger pool of qualified programmers to work on the project. Why C is a Middle level programming language . Easy to learn and use (reliability). The disadvantages of assembly languages when compared to the high level languages are as follows; 1. Programming languages are therefore spread over a spectrum, with low level languages closer to machine code and high level languages furthest away from it. The advantages and disadvantages of both high-level and low-level languages are given below. Disadvantages of assembly language “One line of C equals 4 or 5 lines of Assembly”, that’s a bad thing to read or hear, right? Disadvantages of High Level Languages: You need some sort of compiler to get the HLL to LLL; In some cases (e.g. Some advantages and disadvantages of this language as follows: Advantages: It is machine independent (portability). Highlight the disadvantages of low level languages. Get to know how the CPU and Memory work. It is useful for programming OS, drivers, hardware control and high performance applications. Theoretically it makes it easier to talk with hardware devices and I/O ports. Advantages of High Level Languages Higher level languages have a major advantage over machine and assembly languages that higher level languages are easy to learn and use. Thus can be better for writing device drivers. High level languages are written in a form that is close to our human language, enabling to programmer to just focus on the problem being solved. Code of assembly language is difficult to understand and debug than a high-level. High Level Languages. High level languages are enhancing easy communication with the system. The programmer has unlimited access to the working of a computer system. Weighing the costs and benefits can help you decide whether learning a foreign language is the right choice for you. High-level languages require translator software that will be held in RAM when a program is executed. Conversely, one instruction in a high level language will translate to one or more instructions at machine level. High Level Languages have a syntax similar to the English Language so uses a compiler or an interpreter to convert the human readable program to computer readable machine code. Cost. High level programs are comparatively slower than low level programs. In my perspective High Level Language has not got any Disadvantages. C++ is based on the C language, and it was developed in early 1980's by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Laboratories, Here "++" use for the extension because "++" is a syntactic construct used in C to increment a variable.Most of the C++ content is the super-set of "C", Due to this extension most C programs can be compiled using a C++ compiler. Disadvantages of High level language. Performance and accuracy of assembly language code are better than a high-level. (e) Program instruction codes are long. High Level Languages are also not memory efficient. (Although some programs could still have a few machine-dependent details, they can be used with little or no modifications on other types of machines.) Reliability and security: It is easy to make errors in assembly code.The assembler is not checking if the calling conventions and register save conventions are obeyed. Since you are writing at machine level you control the level of performance of the code created - in a high level language you have to count on the compiler to optimize. What are some advantages and disadvantages of using a high level programming language (e.g. Low level languages are related to hardware. 5.It can directly communicate with hardware devices. Assembler []. (d) High level languages are user friendly than low level languages. (b) Does not have better interface. The important feature about such high level languages is that they allow the programmer to write programs for all types of computers and systems. (b) High level languages are allowed the use of program control structures which help programmers develop programs using modular approach. Answers (a) Does not allow the use of program control structures which encourage modules. C/C++ are high level languages and Linux's kernel for example is written in C++ (witch also supports machine code to be inserted). 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