General Synodal Commission (GSC) of the Dutch Reformed Church, on the history of the three decades between 1960 and 1994. The theology of apartheid was based on the apparently innocuous principle that human diversity is God’s will. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. An amended position appeared in Church and Society (1986), but it did not eradicate apartheid. To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. The Dutch Reformed Church [and it’s Christian Nationalism – John Calvin’s false Kingdom Now teaching of ‘ divine predestination,’ etc.,] actually embodied this type of [socialist-communist] nationalism… known as Apartheid.” This is one of the correct statements Woods made about the masonic apartheid regime. of which now form part of his private collection in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) Archive, this article traces Botha’s growing agitation regarding the implementation of apartheid policies, in the aftermath of the institution of the 1950 Group Areas Act. You can be signed in via any or all of the methods shown below at the same time. Contributors. The Reformed Church of South Africa was the largest denomination in the country by far. Rather the church often got caught up in its debates on the legitimacy and right of resistance against the authorities. By continuing to browse Search the BBC Search the BBC. It examines the thinking on apartheid at the time, within the Dutch Reformed Church and outside it, as reflected in resolutions of the General Synod and other ecclesiastical assemblies and in other documents. It has the same structure, doctrine, traditions, and customs as the mother church, which retains extensive control over it by supplying 80 percent of its budget. More recently the church labelled apartheid as a sin in the hope of uniting its congregants regardless of race. Find out about Lean Library here, If you have access to journal via a society or associations, read the instructions below. So it was in the case of apartheid and the Dutch Reformed Church’s Calvinism. Persecution of Churchmen and Other Religious Workers Oppressed to Apartheid Use, by Kenneth N. Carstens. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Confessing remorse about the evils of Apartheid: the Dutch Reformed Church in the Nineteen-Eighties. Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who chairs the body, said much had been achieved and expressed the hope that the Church's truth-telling would lead to an improved moral climate in South Africa." \\server05\productn\G\GHS\2-1\GHS104.txt unknown Seq: 5 8-AUG-03 13:18 2002/03] ROLE THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH PLAYED 67 III. (Page 132 of her book.) The Dutch Reformed Church (Afrikaans: Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk, abbreviated NGK) is a Reformed Christian denomination in South Africa.It also has a presence in neighbouring countries, such as Namibia, Swaziland, and parts of Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia. South Africa is in the news,and Christians are called upon to explain the relationship between Christianityand apartheid. This product could help you, Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. ��� This annotated bibliography is an attempt to remind the Christiancommunity that the question of the relationship between Christianity andapartheid is hardly new, that already a large literature exists dealin… For more information view the SAGE Journals Sharing page. … The transition in South Africa from apartheid to a constitutional democracy with equal rights for all has been described and celebrated in innumerable accounts. How the Dutch reformed Church went to the extent of supporting and maintaining apartheid is still more puzzling. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. The DRC chaplains blessed soldiers before they went into Angola, and then days later when they committed human rights abuses did little to stop them. Formulating the ideology. Date: Monday, 29 October, 2018 - 15:00. The Church's Struggle Against Apartheid The failure to denounce, resist and incite to resist apartheid and its resulting violations of human rights, constitutes the failure of the church to live up to its faith convictions. The DRC of South Africa uses the symbols of bread and wine to commemorate the death of Jesus Christ. A seven-dimensional praxis matrix is used to explore one of those trajectories, namely: “Standing for justice.” The sources used for this exploration are mainly official church documents. What is more, they were very evangelistic and worked tirelessly to see black South Africans converted and worshiping in their own churches. Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. The Dutch Reformed Churches of South Africa engaged throughout the 18th century in a constant battle against modernism and modernity. The history of the church has been very much bound with the politics of the Afrikaner community of South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck formally established the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) of South Africa in 1652. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200946700200404, Rolling Segregation into Apartheid: South African Railways, 1948-53, Smuts, the United Nations and the Rhetoric of Race and Rights. They had a number of large and well-supported theological seminaries with very high standards. The The discourse between the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) and race is a difficult and intense one. The Dutch Reformed Church provided a theological justification of apartheid, claiming that it was God's will and that the Bible supported it. Show TV Channels Hide TV Channels TV ; Show Radio Channels Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. The social segregation of Black, Coloured and White people was reflected in the establishment of churches of these three groups. Black Ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church: statement on apartheid; Persecution of Churchmen and Other Religious Workers Oppressed to Apartheid Use, by Kenneth N. Carstens. He believes his Church has been much misunderstood abroad on these matters. The Dutch Reformed Church provided a theological justification of apartheid, claiming that it was God's will and that the Bible supported it. Apartheid South Africa’s Participation in United Nations-Organized International Environ... A Racialised Social Question: Pension Reform in Apartheid South Africa, South Africa: Science communication throughout turbulent times. Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) Collection Persecution of Churchmen and Other Religious Workers Oppressed to Apartheid Use, by Kenneth N. Carstens. First Dutch in the Cape. See DRC, The Dutch Reformed Churches in South Africa and the Problem of Race Relations (n.d. [1956]), 13. Longford, Samuel. Baptismal water symbolises the death of the old sinful self and the rebirth into new life. The DRC general secretary explained how the DRC is the oldest church in the family of Reformed churches and, in the past, it was referred to as the “mother church”. Login failed. Some joined the armed struggle against apartheid. (the majority Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa with around 80% of white Afrikaans-speaking reformed church-goers) remains Apartheid, Change and the NG Kerk, by J.H.P. The second document constituted the first step the church took away from the policy of apartheid. Contact us if you experience any difficulty logging in. The Dutch Reformed Church and Apartheid Susan Rennie Ritner Among the many sad ironies of South African life perhaps none is more poignant than the role of the dominant church of the Afrikaner people - the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk.1 For the Afrikaners remain one of … Secretary of the General Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa Dr. Landman gives an account of the social policy of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa and of its attitude to the ' apartheid ' policy. Metadata Show full … Early in his career, he served as a “missionary” in a DRMC congregation in Wynberg, and subsequently in other Influenced by Dutch Reformed Church leaders, the apartheid government sought to proscribe artistic works that expressed opposition to the politics and ideologies of the time. To fight apartheid was to be branded a terrorist or communist, punishable by imprisonment, torture and death. When the Dutch settled in South Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries they transplanted their Dutch Reformed theology to the African continent. It has the same structure, doctrine, traditions, and customs as the mother church, which retains extensive control over it by supplying 80 percent of its budget. W. A. Landman. How the Dutch reformed Church went to the extent of supporting and maintaining apartheid is still more puzzling. The Church's Struggle Against Apartheid The failure to denounce, resist and incite to resist apartheid and its resulting violations of human rights, constitutes the failure of the church to live up to its faith convictions. The response of South Africa's religious institutions to apartheid spanned a wide spectrum – from overt support to tacit acceptance and outright rejection. 4)The ministers’ fraternal noted with regret a rumor, according to news reports, that a possible split may occur between the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa and the Dutch Reformed Church. This article explores the Aidron Duckworth case of 1971 as part of an anti-censorship campaign organised by the Pasquino Society. The best known of these, Reverend Beyers Naude, left his whites-only church in the late 1970s and joined a black parish within the Dutch Reformed church. The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. One of the first champions of Afrikaner nationalism was an ordained minister, Stephen Du Toit (1847–1911) of the Dutch Reformed Church, who became one of the founding members (1881) of the Afrikaner Bond as well as the publisher of Die Afrikaanse Patriot newspaper (founded in 1876). The best known of these, Reverend Beyers Naude, left his whites-only church in the late 1970s and joined a black parish within the Dutch Reformed church. They then later turned their backs on them and washed their hands of them. Journal of Contemporary History 1967 2: 4, 17-37 Download Citation. Lean Library can solve it. Chidester writes: "As the National Party came to power in 1948, theologians of the Dutch Reformed Church read the Bible as an 'Apartheid Bible', finding that God was the 'Maker of Separations'. A Minister of the Dutch Reformed South Church Africa, of now on study leave in Holland. Edit Submit Cancel Appears in. Bishop Kevin Dowling admitted that the Catholic Church's ranks include "supporters and perpetrators of apartheid atrocities," although the church itself preached "reconciliation between victims and perpetrators." Statement by Black Ministers of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in Afrika (Dutch Reformed Church in Africa) Johannesburg. Genome BETA Radio Times 1923 - 2009. Dutch Reformed Church Abraham ... Afrikaner Calvinism, played an instrumental role in the development of Afrikaner nationalism and consequently in the apartheid ideology. The union was formalized in 1994, but for theological and procedural reasons, a large group of congregations decided to withdraw from the union. Joint communique of the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (NGKA): Lusaka, Zambia, February 19, 1988 Some society journals require you to create a personal profile, then activate your society account, You are adding the following journals to your email alerts, Did you struggle to get access to this article? The Evangelical Origins of Apartheid: However from 1817, in response to a shortage of Dutch clergy to fill the DRC pulpits, the British Governor Somerset imported Scottish evangelical ministers, including the Murray family, to fulfill these Reformed pulpits. In the 1980s the church was expelled from the World Alliance of Reformed Churches for its support of apartheid. Dutch Reformed Church, which, as we will see, established lasting mythological frameworks of the ‘Volk’ and produced a narrative surrounding communism that, I will argue, allowed apartheid’s ideological gatekeepers to extend the “triumph of Christianity over heathendom”, 37. and “civilisation over barbarism” 38. For more information view the SAGE Journals Article Sharing page. November 16, 1973. Unknown: Rev. In 2013 it claimed 1.1 million members and 1,602 ordained ministers in 1,158 congregations. Joint communique of the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (NGKA): Lusaka, Zambia, February 19, 1988 Critics of apartheid often blame Christians for itsexistence claiming that racial oppression in South Africa is the fruit ofChristianity. Dutch Reformed Church, Afrikaans Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK), South African denomination that traces its beginnings to the Reformed tradition of the first white settlers who came to South Africa from the Netherlands in the mid-17th century. In spite of the end of apartheid, racial divides still exists within the church. I have read and accept the terms and conditions, View permissions information for this article, Click the button below for the full-text content, 24 hours online access to download content. The heresy of apartheid: Journal article discussing the role of the Dutch Reformed Church in supporting the South African Government's policy of apartheid. Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, Afrikaans Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk In Afrika, denomination formed in 1859 by the all-white Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa for its black African mission congregations. Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. 6 The “conditional” confession by the DRC of its complicity in the political system of apartheid also weakened the credibility of its The Dutch Reformed Church and Apartheid. branch of the Dutch Reformed Church, a denomination that condemns as theological heresy any effort to use the Bible or Calvinist theology as justification for apartheid. [1] In 2013 it claimed 1.1 million members and 1,602 ordained ministers in 1,158 congregations. Authors: Jennifer Nelson. Major Christian (Protestant) Church, originally in the Netherlands, but spreading to other parts of the world through missionary work.It was organized during the revolt of the Low Countries against Spain in the 16th cent. This site uses cookies. The religious connectedness would play a vital role in the Dutch criticism of apartheid. Their best scholars had doctorates from mainly Dutch Universities. 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